015/09/17 nexus 初稿
螺旋菌 Spirochetes
細菌名稱 |
構造、特性 |
致病因子 |
疾病與症狀 |
傳播途徑 |
治療&預防 |
實驗室診斷 |
梅毒螺旋菌(Treponema pallidum 密螺旋菌屬 |
中央軸絲、僅能在活細胞繁殖(33~38hrs分裂一次),對熱乾消毒劑敏感 |
外膜蛋白、玻璃糖酶 |
硬性下疳(一期)、扁平濕疣(二期)、梅毒腫,心血性梅毒,神經性梅毒(三期)、先天性梅毒 |
性行為、血液、懷孕(垂直傳染) |
Benzathine、penicillin、tetraccline,doxycycline(備藥)。安全性行為、篩檢血源、確實滅菌 |
陰性染色、螢光抗體、快速血獎反應試驗(RPR)、PCR、新生兒篩檢(IgM特異性抗體) |
品他病螺旋菌(Treponema carateum) |
同上 |
同上 |
品他病(pinta)、皮膚丘疹、角質化 |
直接接觸 |
同上 |
同上 |
流行性螺旋菌(Treponema endemicum) |
同上 |
同上 |
貝傑病、口鼻喉潰傷、淋巴結腫大、足部疼痛 |
同上 |
同上 |
同上 |
回歸熱疏螺旋菌(Borrelia recurrentis) |
微需氧、營養需求高生長緩慢、抗原變異率高 |
外膜蛋白(變異性高)、器官間擴散 |
回歸熱(relapsing fever致死率2~10%) |
蝨、蜱叮咬 |
tetraccline、erythromycin、chloramphenicol。改善環境衛生、穿長袖及長褲、隔離病患 |
陰性染色、活體培養(注入老鼠,2~3日後檢查) |
包氏螺旋菌(Borreelia burgdorferi) |
營養需求高繁殖緩慢、感染人與獸 |
器官間擴散 |
萊姆症(lyme,初期發燒,遊走性紅斑、二期心臟及神經病變、三期腦膜炎,心包膜炎) |
同上 |
doxycycline、amoxicllin。穿長袖及長褲、遠離鼠類 |
血清學法(找特異性抗體,IgG 或 IgM) |
腎臟螺旋菌(Leptospira interrogans) |
需氧,抗乾燥能力差、能生長在EMJH培養基(含兔血) |
破壞臟器,組織 |
鉤端螺卷菌病(輕者如感冒、重者黃疸,腎功能喪失) |
病獸尿液、汙染水源 |
amoxicillin、doxycycline。滅鼠、接觸人員穿防護措施、牧畜接種疫苗、隔離病獸(尤其是尿液) |
檢體染色、EMJH培養基、血清學法(找IgM)、PCR |
單字:
密螺旋菌屬Treponema
疏螺旋菌屬 Borrelia
鉤端螺旋菌屬 Leptospira
英文版:
Bacterial name |
Structure, properties |
Causative agent |
Diseases and symptoms |
Transmission |
Treatment & Prevention |
Laboratory diagnosis |
Treponema pallidum |
Central axis wire, only in live cell proliferation (33 ~ 38hrs split once), sensitive to heat&dry& disinfectant |
Outside envelope、sugar enzyme |
Hard chancre (Stage 1) flat warts (Stage 2) Syphilis swollen Hard worksyphilis neurosyphilis (Stage 3) congenital syphilis (Baby) |
Sex, blood, pregnancy(vertical transmission) |
Benzathine, penicillin, tetraccline,doxycycline。Safe sex, blood screening, indeed sterilization |
Negative staining, fluorescent antibody, rapid reaction test blood award(RPR), PCR , newborn screening (IgM antibodies) |
Treponema carateum |
Same as above |
Same as above |
Pinta Diease (pinta), skin rash, horny |
Direct contact |
Same as above |
Same as above |
Treponema endemicum |
Same as above |
Same as above |
Bergerac disease, throat and nose Festering, lymphadenopathy, foot pain |
Same as above |
Same as above |
Same as above |
Borreliar ecurrentis |
Microscopical, slow growth, high nutrient requirements,high antigenic variation rate |
Outer membrane protein(high antigenic variability) ,diffusion between organ |
Relapsing fever (relapsing fever death rate 2 to 10%) |
Lice, tick bites |
tetraccline, erythromycin, chloramphenicol.Improving environmental hygien。 wear long-sleeved and long pants, isolated patients |
Negative staining, in live culture(injecting mice,require 2 to 3 days growing ) |
Borreelia burgdorferi |
Nutritional needs of high propagation is slow, infection man and beast |
Diffusion between organ |
Lyme disease fever,erythema migrans (stage1) heart and neuropathy (stage2) meningitis pericarditis (stage3) |
Same as above |
doxycycline, amoxicllin. Wear long sleeves and long pants and get rid of rodents |
Serological method (to find specificantibody, IgG or IgM) |
Leptospira interrogans |
Aerobic, anti-drying ability, can grow in EMJH medium(containing rabbit blood) |
Destruction organs and tissue |
Coiled hook end fungus disease(mild cases such as colds, severe jaundice, loss of renal function) |
Sick animal urine, contaminated water |
amoxicillin, doxycycline. 。Rodent contact personnel wear protective measures, livestock vaccination, quarantine sick animals (especially urine) |
Specimen staining, EMJH media, serological methods (find IgM),PCR |
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